Here are models of the molecules of glycolysis in sequence held by the student who constructed them.
And here are pictures taken in November 2000.
Here is the key for the identities of the elements in the models:
| color of ball | element | number of bonds required |
| black | carbon | 4 |
| red | oxygen | 2 |
| yellow | hydrogen | 1 |
| purple | phosphate (PO4) | it has 5 bonds... |
1) Glucose
2) Glucose-6-phosphate
(G-6-P)
3) Fructose-6-phosphate
(F-6-P)
4) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
(F1,6bP)
5) Dihydroxyacetone
phosphate (DHAP)
6) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
(33GAP)
7) 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
(1,3bPGA)
8) 3-phosphoglycerate
(3-PGA)
9) 2-phosphoglycerate
(2-PGA)
10) Phosphoenolpyruvate
(PEP)
11) Pyruvate
12) Lactic acid
13) Acetaldehyde,
Carbon
dioxide & Ethanol
Here are models assembled in 1997 (taken with a less adequate digital camera...).
For the construction, remember that in straight chain illustrations of the chemical structures, the carbon back bone is vertical with vertical bonds from a given carbon projecting away from the observer and horizontal bonds projecting towards the observer.
Students in succession gave the following information:
1) The name of the molecule they had constructed
2) Its characteristic features
3) How it differs from the previous molecule
5) The enzyme which produced it
6) How it will be changed into the next molecule
and why
7) The name of the enzyme which performs this
change and the meaning of the name of the enzyme.
Students were to discuss selected phosphorylated molecules (i.e. glucose 6 phosphate, 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate, and phosphoenolpyruvate), naming and discussing the bonds by which phosphate is attached, and the relative energy content in each type (phosphoester, phosphoanhydride, resons for PEP's unusual energy). The products of hydrolysis of these bonds was demonstrated and discussed.
Videos on glycolysis from Films for the Humanities and Sciences series which review the process are:
VIDT QH 633 .C45 1992 pt.1 Cell and Energy (Series Title-Cellular Respiration)
VIDT QH 633 .C45 1992 pt.2 Glycolosis 1 (Series Title-Cellular Respiration)
VIDT QH 633 .C45 1992 pt.3 Glycolosis 2 (Series Title-Cellular Respiration
